Why is my dog reactive?
Why Is My Dog Reactive? Understanding the Underlying Causes
Reactivity in dogs is a common behavioural concern that can manifest as barking, lunging, growling, or overexcitement-particularly when a dog encounters specific triggers such as other dogs, people, vehicles, or even unfamiliar sounds. While it may seem sudden or extreme, reactivity is often a way for dogs to communicate discomfort, fear, frustration, or unmet needs. It's important to understand that reactivity is not about a dog being "naughty" or "dominant"-it's about emotional responses that drive their behaviour.
Fear and Past Experiences
One of the most common reasons dogs become reactive is fear. If a dog has had a frightening or negative experience-especially during a critical period of development-they may learn to associate certain people, animals, or environments with danger. Even one unpleasant encounter can lead to a lasting fear response. In these cases, the dog may try to create distance through barking or lunging to make the trigger go away. This can be particularly true for dogs who didn't get enough positive socialisation early on or those who've been rehomed from uncertain backgrounds.
Frustration and Overarousal
Some dogs are reactive because they become overly excited and frustrated when they can't access something they're interested in-such as another dog or person. This is known as frustration-based reactivity, and it often affects dogs that are otherwise social and friendly. If they're frequently held back on a lead, this build-up of energy can result in explosive reactions. It's not aggression-it's frustration being released through barking, pulling, or jumping.
Lack of Emotional Regulation or Training
Dogs, like people, need to learn how to cope with big feelings. Without guidance or consistent training, some dogs struggle to regulate their emotions. This can make it hard for them to stay calm in stimulating environments. Additionally, some dogs may not understand what's being asked of them, especially if they're overwhelmed. Breed traits and individual temperament also play a role-some dogs are naturally more sensitive or reactive than others.
Pain, Health, or Sensory Issues
Reactivity can be linked to discomfort or pain. A dog may be experiencing an undiagnosed medical issue. Vision or hearing problems, joint pain or neurological conditions can make dogs feel more vulnerable, causing them to react defensively.
Building Understanding and Trust
The good news is that reactivity can be improved with the right support. By identifying the root cause and using kind, evidence-based techniques, we can help dogs feel safer, more confident, and better able to cope with the world around them. With patience and consistency, progress is absolutely possible.
Needs support with your dog’s reactivity? Get In Touch Today!
